O avanço da implementação do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 6 - Água Potável e Saneamento no Brasil

Gabriel Alves de Lima; Geisa Freitas do Monte Silva; Fernando Cartaxo Rolim Neto; Rosângela Gomes Tavares

doi:10.31416/rsdv.v13i3.1075

Authors

Gabriel Alves de Lima Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)
Geisa Freitas do Monte Silva Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)
Fernando Cartaxo Rolim Neto Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)
Rosângela Gomes Tavares Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31416/rsdv.v13i3.1075

Keywords:

Environment, Pollution, Water resources, Sustainability

Abstract

Faced with the global environmental imbalance, the scarcity of natural resources and unsustainable development, the United Nations (UN) established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Occupying a prominent place, SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation has specific deadlines for its fulfillment. With the aim of contextualizing and analyzing the real progress in the implementation of SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation in Brazil, taking into account the various negative consequences of the absence of these services, a review of the literature on the topic was carried out using specific keywords and Sanitation indices in Brazil were analyzed for the period from 2016 to 2022. Using simple statistical analysis, through regression and linear forecasting, the forecast growth of indices was evaluated for the final deadlines of SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation and Law No. 14,026, of July 15, 2020. Water service rates in the country normally present values above 80%. On the other hand, sewage collection rates, for the most part, are less than 50% in Brazil. Despite the contrast between services, none of the areas shows sufficient average growth to reach the goals established by SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation or by Brazilian Law. In the current context, universalization goals will not be achieved in any proposed scenario. The universalization proposed by SDG 6 will only be achieved, in the Brazilian context, when real advances are established, based on effective public policies.

Author Biographies

Gabriel Alves de Lima, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)

Civil Engineer graduated from the University of Pernambuco (UPE) and studying for a master's degree in Environmental Engineering at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). Specialist in Geoprocessing from Faculdade Unyleya. During his internship at the Secretariat of Works and Public Services of the Municipality of Moreno, in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, he acquired experience in the areas of design, budgeting and monitoring of works. He has a strong interest in the areas of Basic and Environmental Sanitation, as well as in Geoprocessing. He is committed to contributing to the advancement of these fields by seeking sustainable and innovative solutions to the environmental and infrastructure challenges facing society.

Geisa Freitas do Monte Silva, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)

With a degree in Industrial Chemistry from IFPE and a degree in Agricultural and Environmental Engineering from UFRPE. She worked as an intern: At the CETENE Bioprocess Laboratory (2017-2018); Researcher Institutional Scientific Initiation Program - PIC (2018 - 2019) at UFRPE; PE Regulatory Agency (ARPE) in the Sanitation Coordination (2019 - 2020) and Secretariat of Environment and Biodiversity of Igarassu/PE (2021- 2022.1).

Fernando Cartaxo Rolim Neto, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)

Has a degree in Agronomy from the Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB (1987), a master's degree in Agronomy (Soil Sciences) from the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE (1991) and a PhD in Agronomy (Soils and Plant Nutrition) from the Federal University of Viçosa - UFV (2002), with Internship at the University of Florida - USA. Has experience in the area of Agronomy, with an emphasis on Genesis, Morphology and Soil Classification, working mainly on the following topics: Topography, agriculture, Geoprocessing, Soil classification and GNSS. A full professor at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, where he has worked since 1992 and participates in the Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering at UFRPE.

Rosângela Gomes Tavares, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE)

Holds a Bachelor's degree in Chemistry (1993) and in Chemical Engineering (1998), both from the Catholic University of Pernambuco, a Master's degree in Civil Engineering, in the area of water resources and environmental technology, from the Federal University of Pernambuco (2003), and a PhD in Civil Engineering, in the area of Solid Waste, from the Federal University of Pernambuco (2016) and University of Minho in Portugal. She is currently a professor at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, since 2009, in the area of water resources and the environment. Has experience in the area of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, with an emphasis on water, sewage and solid waste treatment, working mainly on the following topics: environmental sanitation, rural sanitation, environmental microbiology, water treatment, effluent treatment, solid waste treatment and assessment of environmental impacts.

References

DEVECI, Muhammet et al. Rough sets based Ordinal Priority Approach to evaluate sustainable development goals (SDGs) for sustainable mining. Resources Policy, v. 79, p. 103049, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103049. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

FAGUNDES, Thalita Salgado; MARQUES, Rui Cunha; MALHEIROS, Tadeu Fabrício. Are Brazilian water auction prices affordable for vulnerable families?. Utilities Policy, v. 88, p. 101749, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2024.101749. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

HEGARTY, Susan et al. Using citizen science to understand river water quality while filling data gaps to meet United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 objectives. Science of The Total Environment, v. 783, p. 146953, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146953. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

KLIGERMAN, Debora Cynamon; SANCANARI, Sandra Novellino; NOGUEIRA, Joseli Maria Rocha. Caminhos para viabilização da convergência de interesses na despoluição do Rio Guandu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 37, p. e00234420, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00234420. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

KNEBEL, Moritz Von. Cross-country comparative analysis and case study of institutions for future generations. Futures, v. 151, p. 103181, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2023.103181. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

LEITE, Carlos Henrique Pereira; MOITA NETO, José Machado; BEZERRA, Ana Keuly Luz. Novo marco legal do saneamento básico: alterações e perspectivas. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, v. 27, p. 1041-1047, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-415220210311. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

ONU. Organização das Nações Unidas. Global Sustainable Development Report: 2015 Edition. Disponível em: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1758GSDR%202015%20Advance%20Unedited%20Version.pdf. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

PAN, Xunzhang et al. Energy and sustainable development nexus: A review. Energy Strategy Reviews, v. 47, p. 101078, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101078. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

SILVA, Natanael José da; MANTOVANO, Tatiane; LANSAC-TÔHA, Fábio Amodêo; SOUSA ROCHA, José de Ribamar. Percepção ambiental: a poluição em dois rios urbanos noticiada na mídia eletrônica. Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente, v. 15, n. 4, p. 1-19, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2022v15n4e9362. Acesso em: 08 mai. 2023.

SNIS. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Ministério das Cidades. Secretaria Nacional de Saneamento Ambiental. 22º Diagnóstico dos Serviços de Água e Esgotos - 2016. Brasília, 2018.

SNIS. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. Secretaria Nacional de Saneamento. 23º Diagnóstico dos Serviços de Água e Esgotos - 2017. Brasília, 2019.

SNIS. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. Secretaria Nacional de Saneamento. 24º Diagnóstico dos Serviços de Água e Esgotos - 2018. Brasília, 2019.

SNIS. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. Secretaria Nacional de Saneamento. 25º Diagnóstico dos Serviços de Água e Esgotos - 2019. Brasília, 2020.

SNIS. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. Secretaria Nacional de Saneamento. Diagnóstico Temático: Serviços de Água e Esgoto - Visão Geral ano referência 2020. Brasília, 2021.

SNIS. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. Secretaria Nacional de Saneamento. Diagnóstico Temático: Serviços de Água e Esgoto - Visão Geral ano referência 2021. Brasília, 2022.

SNIS. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Ministério das Cidades. Secretaria Nacional de Saneamento Ambiental. Diagnóstico Temático: Serviços de Água e Esgoto - Visão Geral ano referência 2022. Brasília, 2023.

SNIS. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Painel do Setor de Saneamento. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/mdr/pt-br/assuntos/saneamento/snis/painel. Acesso em: 18 abr. 2023.

SOUZA, Keyla Mirelly Nunes de. Despejo de esgoto no afluente do Rio São Francisco: Estudo de caso. Revista Semiárido De Visu, v. 12, n. 1, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31416/rsdv.v12i1.386. Acesso em: 18 abr. 2023.

WOLF, Jennyfer et al. Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in domestic settings: a global analysis for selected adverse health outcomes. The Lancet, v. 401, n. 10393, p. 2060-2071, 2023. Disponível em : https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00458-0. Acesso em: 18 abr. 2023.

YOUSEF, Bashria A. A. et al. On the contribution of concentrated solar power (CSP) to the sustainable development goals (SDGs): A bibliometric analysis. Energy Strategy Reviews, v. 52, p. 101356, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101356. Acesso em: 18 abr. 2023.